Course - Unix

Introduction

• Multi Programming
• Time Sharing
• Operating System Services
• Types of Services
• Program Execution
• Input/Output Operations
• File System Manipulation
• Error Detection
• Resource Allocation
• Accounting
• Protection

Architecture Of the Unix Operating System

• System Calls and Library Interface
• Process Control Subsystem
• Memory Management Module
• Hardware Control

High Level Features Of Unix System

• The file System
• Processing Environment
• Building Block Primitives

The File System

• The Basics of Files
• What's in a File ?
• Directories and Filenames
• Permissions
• Ownership and Protection
• Inodes
• The Directory Hierarchy
• Devices

The VI Editor

• Invoking Vi Editor
• Text Additions, Changes and Deletions
• Some More Commands
• Setting Editor Options

Using the Shell

• Variables
• Filename Substitution and variables
• Standard Shell Variables
• Local and Global Shell Variables , Export
• System Shell Variables

Shell Script Arguments: Positional Parameters

• Positional Parameters and Set
• Shift Command

The Test Command

• Test String Operators
• Test integer Operators
• File Operators

Looping In Shell Scripts

• The for Loop
• The while Loop
• The until Loop
• Decisions
• Read And Case Statements

Unix Internals

File Sub-System

• Internal Representation of a File
• The Unix File System Structure
• The Boot block
• The Super Block
• The Inode List
• The Data Blocks

Accessing Files

• The In-core Copy of the Inode
• Accessing Inodes
• Accessing Data Blocks
• Conversion of Pathname to Inode
• The Mount Table
• The File Descriptor

The Process Control Subsystem

• Process Execution Modes
• Process States and Transitions
• The Structure of a Process
• Creating a Process
• Creating a Child Process
• Overlaying a Process

The Process Data Structures

• The Process Table
• The U Area
• The Real and Effective UID of a Process
• Inter Process Communication
• Messages

UNIX TOOLS: GREP, SED, AWK

Pattern Specification in GREP

• Pattern-Matching problems
• The rest of the GREP family : FGREP, EGREP

The Stream Editor: SED

• Editing commands for SED
• Options for SED
• Uses of SED

AWK: A pattern-scanning and processing language

• Patterns in AWK
• Regular expressions and Fields
• Relational expressions
• Logical operators: Combinations
• Special patterns

Actions

• Printing
• Print redirection
• Variables
• Arrays

Flow Control

• The if statement
• The for statement
• The while loop
• Jumps: continue,break,next,exit
• An AWK hell script
• Built in Functions

Unix System Calls

• Low level I/O
• File I/O -- Read and Write
• File Creation -- open,create,close,unlink,
• Creation of special files
• Random Access -- Lseek
• Change directory and change root
• Change owner and change mode
• Stat and Fstat

Pipes

• Opening a named pipe
• Closing pipes
• Reading and writing a pipe

Mounting and Unmounting File Systems

• Dup
• Link
• vnlink

Process

• Low-level process creation -- Execlp & Execvp
• Control of process -- Fork and Wait

Signals And Interrupts

• Alarms

System Administration

• Super User status: Danger and Precautions
• Starting up and shutting down the system

Accounts,Users,Groups

• The password file
• Adding new user to the system
• Changing a ownership with chown and chgrp
• Changing a users password with passwd
• Profiles and user profiles

Monitoring The System

• Monitoring The users: The who command
• Monitoring processes: The ps command
• Killing process
• Disc usage
• Synchronizing input output with sync

Making a filesystem

• The file system

Backups and Archives

• Backup Methods
• Dump and Restore
• Using tar-tape archive program
• Reading files from tape with tar
• Using cpio

Maintaining File System With FSCK

• Checking the integrity of a file system with FSCK
• The lost-found director